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For students, access is:
user name: cobbstudent5 (or 2, 3, 4, 5 in place of 1 as appropriate---there is no kind. online student text available since their text is a big book)
password: password
Key Point Government-Citizen’s Rights
A citizen is a person who is a full member of the U.S. Citizens owe loyalty or allegiance to their country. They can take an active part in helping to improve their community and the U.S. system of government. Some ways in which citizens can help govern their community are by:
- Nominating candidates to run for public office
- Voting for candidates who are nominated
- Holding public office at the local, state or national level
- Directing or organizing community affairs
Naturalized citizens can obtain federal government jobs (including those that require a security clearance), can travel with a U.S. passport, and can petition for close relatives to come to the U.S. to live. People who are not citizens do not have these rights. They do not receive all available benefits and are not eligible for all jobs
After the leaders of the new United States wrote the Constitution, they had to get the thirteen states to agree to it. Some of the states didn't want to agree unless they could add some specific rights for individual people. So in 1791 the United States added ten new rights to the Constitution. These are called the Bill of Rights.
These are the ten rights that are in the Bill of Rights:
- Congress can't make any law about your religion, or stop you from practicing your religion, or keep you from saying whatever you want, or publishing whatever you want (like in a newspaper or a book). And Congress can't stop you from meeting peacefully for a demonstration to ask the government to change something.
- Congress can't stop people from having and carrying weapons, because we need to be able to defend ourselves.
- You don't have to let soldiers live in your house, except if there is a war, and even then only if Congress has passed a law about it.
- Nobody can search your body, or your house, or your papers and things, unless they can prove to a judge that they have a good reason to think you have committed a crime.
- You can't be tried for any serious crime without a Grand Jury meeting first to decide whether there's enough evidence for a trial. And if the jury decides you are innocent, the government can't try again with another jury. You don't have to say anything at your trial. You can't be killed, or put in jail, or fined, unless you were convicted of a crime by a jury. And the government can't take your house or your farm or anything that is yours, unless the government pays for it.
- If you're arrested, you have a right to have your trial pretty soon, and the government can't keep you in jail without trying you. The trial has to be public, so everyone knows what is happening. The case has to be decided by a jury of ordinary people from your area. You have the right to know what you are accused of, to see and hear the people who are witnesses against you, to have the government help you get witnesses on your side, and you have the right to a lawyer to help you.
- You also have the right to a jury when it is a civil case (a law case between two people rather than between you and the government).
- The government can't make you pay more than is reasonable in bail or in fines, and the government can't order you to have cruel or unusual punishments (like torture) even if you are convicted of a crime.
- Just because these rights are listed in the Constitution doesn't mean that you don't have other rights too.
- Anything that the Constitution doesn't say that Congress can do should be left up to the states, or to the people.
The most important right citizens have is the right to vote. Voting is the basis of a representative democracy. By voting, the people have a voice in government. The people decide who will represent them in the government. Officials can be voted in or out of office. Every person’s vote counts the same as another person’s vote.
Each citizen can register to vote in his/her community. Usually, there is a requirement that the citizen has lived in the state for a certain period of time. Each state has the power to decide which citizens in the state can vote. However, some voting rights are guaranteed by the Constitution. This means that states cannot deny the right to vote to anyone:
- Who is at least 18 years of age
- Because of his/her race, color or gender
- Because she/he has not paid a voting or poll tax
- In national elections for President and Vice President
States have the power to deny the right to vote to citizens who have been convicted of serious crimes or who are not able to make rational decisions. States cannot require citizens to pass a reading and writing test before granting the right to vote.
Bill of Rights Game http://constitutioncenter.org/BillOfRightsGame/
http://www.ohiokids.org/games/ah/dd01f.html
http://www.ohiokids.org/games/ah/dd01f.html
Key point 1 Civil War
A civil war is a war in which people of the same country fight each other. The United States Civil War was fought to gain equality, both for individuals and the states. Disagreements over slavery (a practice in which people own other people), tariffs (taxes), states’ rights, and other economic issues increased sectionalism (a loyalty to one part of the country) in the North and South. Sectionalism divided the unified states. Slavery prevented African Americans from having the same rights as others. The disagreements between the North and South caused by these issues tore the country apart.
Key Point #2: Events of the Civil War
There were many important events and people involved in the Civil War.
Two events which outraged the North against slavery were John Brown’s Raid, a rebellion in which a US Army post at Harper’s Ferry, VA was attacked, and the release of the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Key battles of the war were Fort Sumter, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and the Appomattox Court House. Some of people who played crucial roles were Abraham Lincoln (President of the Union), Robert E. Lee (Confederate General), Ulysses S. Grant (Union General), Jefferson Davis (President of the Confederacy), and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson (Confederate General).
Key Point #3: Consequences of the Civil War and Reconstruction 1865-1877
After the Civil War, our country needed to be rebuilt. To “reconstruct” means to build again. During the Reconstruction era Congress passed the 13th (abolished slavery), 14th, (states could not limit citizens rights) and 15th amendments (gave all men the right to vote). Congress formed the Freedman’s Bureau to provide food, clothing, and medicine, as well as to help set up schools, hospitals, and jobs (sharecropping) for poor blacks and whites. However, the Southern States continued to pass laws called the Jim Crow laws which continued to cause segregation between blacks and whites.
Key Point #4: Black Cowboys 1850’s
In 1845 part of Mexico became Texas. This area had a millions of cattle and new Mexican-American citizens or Cowhands, who herded cattle. Texas was not a good cattle market and it was soon discovered in the 1860’s that there was a demand for them in the Eastern and Northern parts of the United States. The first of the great cattle drives begins in Texas at this time. Cowboys round up cattle and drive them northward to rail lines that reach into Kansas. In the years to come some eight million longhorn cattle travel the trails north to Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska from ranches across Texas and throughout the Great Plains. Because of this towns began to form in Texas near railroads so that the cattle could be moved to the North and East more easily.
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3BEC8E51-6DD6-480B-8CBB-57D477C6A1C3
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3BEC8E51-6DD6-480B-8CBB-57D477C6A1C3
Key Point #5:Westward Expansion and Battle of Little Big Horn 1876
In 1874 Lieutenant Colonel Custer discovers gold in the Black Hills of South Dakota, sacred land for the Native Americans. With this new discovery, gold miners flood the Black Hills. Soon Indian and U.S. Army forces are fighting over this land. In the winter of 1875, thousands of Indians from a number of tribes gather on the banks of the Little Bighorn River in southern Montana. There they plan their strategy for the defense of the Black Hills. In June 25, 1876 at the Battle of Little Bighorn Native American tribe defeat the American armies who are led by General George Armstrong Custer. The Indians' victory is their last major triumph against the whites.
After the Battle of Little Bighorn, all of the American Indians are ordered to report to reservations or face death.
After the Battle of Little Bighorn, all of the American Indians are ordered to report to reservations or face death.
Key Point 6: Immigration- 1891
In the presence of tyranny, people leave their homes to establish new ones. These reasons include religious persecution, political unrest and economical hardship. As immigrates arrived, America’s population, economics, and way of life changed.
As masses of people came to America, called immigrants, cities and towns grew so quickly that problems such as disease, overcrowding and lack of jobs arose. New inventions in technology, science, flight, electricity, communication and transportation helped pushed America into an industrialized era, at time of great growth in technology. American lifestyle and the economy was greatly improved and changed by these new inventions. At the turn of the century America was growing and had many needs. Inventors helped to fill those needs. Communication to reach the different states was not well established needed improvement. Alexander Gram Bell was invented the telephone and filled this need. At the same time, people had needs at home. Thomas Edison understood this need and began working on the light bulb. Invention of the light bulb grew the economy because it allowed people to operate businesses at night. The farming economy was growing as well. George Washington Carver grew peanuts and developed hundreds of products from the peanut.
Key Point #:7 McKinley and the Spanish American War 1898
As America grew stronger, unfair or tyrannical events happening around the world became obvious. When McKinley took office, Americans were outraged by the Spanish treatment of the Cubans. They were placing them in concentration camps and controlling their main export of sugar. In order to protect America’s interest, McKinley sent a ship, USS Maine, to the island. It was blown up mysteriously and the result was a declaration of war with Spain in 1898, called the Spanish-American War. The war lasted a year with America winning and freeing Cuba from Spanish rule. McKinley is noted for expanding America’s protection by getting the right to have military base in Cuba. McKinley was assassinated in 1901 and Theodore Roosevelt, his vice president and a Spanish/American war hero, assumed office. He is noted for gaining control of the Panama Canal area, completing it, and keeping it under America’s control for the next 100 years. At this time, a peace agreement was made and America aquired Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.
Key Point 8 WWI 1917
World War I (abbreviated WWI), also known as the First World War,was a global military conflict that took place mostly in Europe between 1914 and 1918. It was a total war which left millions dead and helped to shape the modern world. It was directly triggered by the assassination of the Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdinand and his wife, on 28th June 1914 by Bosnian revolutionary, Gavrilo Princip.Many countries joined the war together. The Allied Powers, included France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and later Italy and the United States. The Central Powers included: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. An alliance is an agreement made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed. When an alliance is signed, those countries become known as Allies.
Most Americans favored staying out of the conflict and President Wilson publicly and formally stated that the United States would follow a policy of neutrality. However, the war began England enforced a naval blockade of Germany in the hopes of cutting off supplies. Germany responded by unleashing the U Boats. U Boats were submarines capable of staying submerged for long periods of time. They would sneak up upon their victims, often at night, an torpedo them. Any ship sailing in the war zone was considered an enemy. In 1915, the Lusitania liner was sunk with United States citizens aboard, affecting the United States' entry into the war. Over 1,198 passengers including 128 Americans were killed. America was furious at the brutality and demanded a stop to this type of attack. World War I became infamous for trench warfare, where huge numbers of troops were confined to trenches and could move little because of tight defences.
In the end, a treaty was devised, or created blaming Germany for the entire conflict, this treaty was called Treaty of Versailles. This blame and the consequent punishment set the stage for years of resentment and another world war, something American President Woodrow Wilson had hoped to avoid.
Significant Knowledge Key Point 9 Jazz Age 1920’s
The 1920’s was a time of great prosperity and cultural growth. This time was often referred to as the Jazz Age. During this time, the men returned home from World War I, and life was settling back to “normal” and America’s economy was growing. Families were able to save and began to have more disposable income for entertainment. As a result, the American culture grew and evolved through the Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes) and the Jazz Age (Louis Armstrong). During this time people began spending freely and going in debt. Debt is when you borrow and spend money before you have it.
Americans were able to enjoy life more and accomplished great feats.
Note: Harlem Renaissance refers to an era of written and artistic creativity among African-Americans that occurred after World War I and lasted until the middle of the 1930s Depression.- Langston Hughes
Key Point 10 The Great Depression 1929 (compare and contrast today/past)
Following WWI, the United States experienced a time of economic and industrial prosperity like never before. The false assumption that this growth would continue led to the overproduction of goods (the assembly line made it easy to product more faster) and foolish investment practices. In 1929, the stock market crash was the final tick of a time bomb that, when exploded, brought down the United States economy. People had over spent, banks had over borrowed, and many people had gone into debt. The survival of America was in question.
A few short weeks after the stock market crash, 30 billion dollars evaporated from the American economy. People of all economic levels were affected. Because companies closed and laid-off workers, people lost their jobs and homes. As Americans lost their buying power, farmers were left with excess produce and were unable to maintain their farms. Many farmers moved to the city in search of jobs. Those that remained had to endure the Dust Bowl caused by 3 years of drought. As people lost trust in banks and were unable to repay their loans the banks were forced to close. President Hoover was ineffective in resolving these issues. Many people lost their homes and were forced into “shanty towns, called Hoovervilles. These were towns where shelters made of boxes and things that people found in their environment. Within ten years the US went from managing excess to a nation struggling to survive.
Key Point 11 The New Deal 1933
Hubert Hoover’s, the current President (1929-1933), ineffective leadership led to the election of a new president in 1932. While campaigning, Franklin D. Roosevelt promised the American people “a new deal”. So, his presidency became known as The New Deal. During Roosevelt’s first 100 days in office, he called an emergency session of congress. They began working on America’s problems immediately. Their successful resolutions included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which provided jobs for men to plant trees and build brdges, Works Progress Administration (WPA), which employee people to build hospital, parks, schools and so on, and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) which employed people to build dams to prevent flooding. All of these organizations all provided jobs for the unemployed while improving the infrastructure of America.. In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created to protect the safety of bank deposits. The Social Security Act provided pensions and unemployment insurance for poor families with children and people with disabilities. These programs were crucial to the survival of many American lives.
Note: The TVA program was created because of severe flooding of the Tennessee river.
During the great depression several key people made their mark on America. These people included : Duke Ellington, a famous jazz pianist and composer, Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind, Jesse Owens, an Africian American Gold Medalist from the 1936 Olympics, Frankiln Roosevelt, US President (1933-1945).
Key Point 12 World War II 1940’s
Three major powers had been dissatisfied with the outcome of World War I. Germany, the principal defeated nation, bitterly resented the territorial losses and reparations payments imposed on it by the Treaty of Versailles. Italy, one of the victors, found its territorial gains far from enough either to offset the cost of the war or to satisfy its ambitions. Japan, also a victor, was unhappy about its failure to gain control of China.
The word holocaust means a sacrificial offering that is completely burned. The Holocaust was the systematic murder of Jews and others by the Nazis during World War II (1939-1945). Nazis led by dictator Adolf Hitler wanted to eliminate all people regarded as racially inferior or politically dangerous. In addition to Jews, the Nazis systematically killed other people including Germans who were physically handicapped or mentally handicapped, priests and ministers, members of labor unions, and Communists and other political opponents. By the end of the war, the Nazis had killed millions of Jewish men, women, and children, more than two-thirds of the Jews in Europe, and as many as 6 million or more people in all. Many of the Holocaust victims were killed in specially constructed gas chambers, and their bodies were then burned.
Political and economic instability in Germany, combined with bitterness over its defeat in World War I and the harsh conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, allowed Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to rise to power. After years of committing military acts of aggression, Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Great Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3.
Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945. This day became known as VJ-Day (Victory over Japan).
Italy surrendered to the Allies on September 8, 1943. Germany surrendered unconditionally on May 8, 1945. This day became known as VE-Day (Victory in Europe Day).
World War II brought about the downfall of Western Europe as the center of world power, led to the rise of the Soviet Union, set up conditions leading to the 'Cold War,' and opened the nuclear age
www.Brainpop.com WWII (sopecreek )
Key Point - Causes of World War II
During the late 1930’s, Germany, led by the dictator Hitler, began invading neighboring European countries. Germany made a promise to not invade any other lands, and in return, they were able to keep the countries they had already conquered. Germany soon broke their promise by invading nearby Poland. After WWI, the U.S. had adopted a policy of isolationism which meant they were not going to involve themselves in world affairs. Meanwhile, in the Pacific, the Japanese emperor Hirohito was invading neighboring Asian countries. The United States got involved in the conflict when Japan bombed an important navy port in Pearl Harbor, HI.
Key Point– Life on the Homefront during World War II
In order to support to war effort, American woman took over the roles traditionally held by men. They went to work in factories, supported the soldiers through nursing, and started growing their own food. These new roles gave birth to the fictional character known as “Rosie the Riveter.” She came to symbolize the changing role of American women. A system of rationing was also instituted to limit the food consumed by Americans. Our extra food was sent to the soldiers overseas. The roles of African Americans also began to change. An elite group of African American fighter pilots made several successful missions over France and were regarded as heroes.
Key Point– Important Leaders and Events of World War II
The president of the United States when we entered the war was still Franklin D. Roosevelt. We joined Great Britain, led by the Prime Minister Winston Churchill to form the alliance known as the Allied Powers. Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, turned against Hitler and joined the Allied Powers as well. Mussolini, the Italian dictator, joined forces with Hitler to form the Axis Powers. In the year 1945, Truman succeeded Roosevelt as the president of the United States. The conflict in Europe continued when the American forces initiated the largest land to sea attack known as the D-Day invasion. This attack on the beaches of Normandy France led to American and British forces capturing the German capital, Berlin. This important victory led to the end of the war in Europe. This day was known as V-E Day, or Victory in Europe Day. As an act to end the conflict for good with Japan, Truman made the difficult decision to drop a series of atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This resulted in V-J Day, otherwise known as victory in Japan day, and the end of WWII. In an effort to prevent future conflicts, the United States helped form the United Nations, a group of countries that agreed to peacefully resolve issues in the future.
Significant Knowledge Key Point 6 – The Holocaust
When the war ended, Americans began to realize that throughout the war Hitler had been leading a mass murder of several different groups of people including Jews. This dark period came to be known as the Holocaust. The Nazis, led by the dictator Adolf Hitler, wanted to eliminate all people regarded as inferior to his “perfect race.” By the end of the war, the Nazis had killed more than two-thirds of the Jews in Europe and more than 6 million people in all. Many of the Holocaust victims were killed in specially constructed gas chambers, and their bodies were then burned.
Key Point – Cold War
Communism, which is a form of government led by a dictator that makes all economic and social decisions, was the type of government in the Soviet Union in the 1960s. The United States believed that every country should have a democracy so that the voices of all people could be heard. Winston Churchill said Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain, symbol of the division between communist countries and democratic countries. The communists tried to block all supplies from getting into non-communist West Berlin in an effort to force the Allied Powers out of Germany. This resulted in the Berlin Airlift where the Allies dropped supplies from planes into West Berlin. Another conflict related to communism was the Korean War. The United Nations came to South Korea’s defense and kept communist North Korea from attacking.
Knowledge Key Point – The Red Scare
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, was an organization developed to stop the spread of communism. Joseph McCarthy was a U.S. senator who wrongfully accused many Americans of being communists.
Key Point – The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War
Communist Soviet Union took power in Cuba and began sending their nuclear missiles there. When the U.S. found out, they surrounded Cuba in order to prevent Soviet ships from delivering more missiles and to prevent a nuclear war so close to home. Nikita Khrushchev decided to remove the missiles, so U.S. President Kennedy decided not to attack Cuba. In the 1960s, the U.S. also helped to keep a group of North Korean communists from overthrowing the democratic South Korea. After years of fighting, North Korea succeeded in making South Korea communists, and U.S. troops went home.
Knowledge Key Point – The Civil Rights Movement
